Recent Tax Reforms And The Evolving Architecture Of Public Sector Governance: A Critical Analysis Of Accountability, Transparency, And Fiscal Sustainability

Abstract

Amidst rapid globalization, digitalization, and rising public debt, recent tax changes—such as the OECD's global minimum tax, digital services taxes, and anti-BEPS measures—have drastically altered the structure of public sector governance. The influence of these modifications on accountability, transparency, and budgetary sustainability under diverse economic conditions is evaluated critically in this paper. The study aims to evaluate the evolving governance structures shaped by contemporary tax policy shifts, with a broad scope encompassing both developed and emerging economies. It investigates institutional adaptations, administrative challenges, and the delicate balance between revenue mobilization and governance quality in an increasingly complex international tax environment. Employing a comparative qualitative approach, the research integrates doctrinal legal analysis, multiple case studies from OECD nations and selected developing countries, and thematic evaluation of post-reform policy outcomes and institutional dynamics. There are still gaps in domestic accountability systems and risks to long-term fiscal sustainability due to implementation asymmetries and unpredictable revenue, despite notable improvements in openness brought about by improved information sharing and reporting requirements. This study emphasizes the necessity of integrated reform approaches that support revenue objectives while bolstering institutional resilience. It has important ramifications for international organizations and legislators who want to create tax structures that support good governance rather than destroy it. The report indicates that in order to effectively manage global fiscal issues, future tax design must prioritize sustainable, transparent, and accountable public sector frameworks.