Parliamentary And Presidential Government: A Study Of U.K., U.S., And India

Abstract

Parliament is sovereign as A.V. Dicey mentioned; it has the power to enact and repeal laws, and no court can do so. Additionally, Montesquieu’s principle of separation of power influenced the creation of the U.S. Congress. It operates under a rigid written constitution that gives judges the power to invalidate laws that violates it. Granville Austin explains that the Indian Parliament is a hybrid that uses Westminster customs from the United Kingdom but still restricted by federalism, judicial review, and a written constitution. M.P. Jain continues to highlight that, as compared to the United Kingdom, the Indian parliament is not sovereign and is required to operate within the boundaries of the constitution. By comparing the composition, functions, and powers of these three legislatures allows us to observe that how democracies vary, how they maintain a balance between representation, accountability, and law-making